How are silicon wafers polished? Silicon wafers are polished to create a flat, smooth surface that is essential for semiconductor manufacturing. Polishing removes any irregularities from the wafer surface and helps to create a mirror-like finish. There are two main types of polishing: chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) and physical vapor deposition (PVD). CMP involves using a […]
Flow Control in Microfluidics: Microfluidics is an exciting and growing field of science that deals with the control of minute amounts of liquid. By using miniature devices, scientists can direct the flow of these liquids in precise ways that would be impossible to achieve with larger setups. In this article, we will discuss the basics […]
Defining microfluidics The field of microfluidics studies the behavior of fluids flowing through micro-channels, while microminiaturization is concerned with producing devices containing chambers or tunnels that permit fluids to flow through. Essentially, microfluidics is the study of very small volumes of fluids. The smallest unit is the femtoliter (fL), which is a quadrillionth of a […]
Carbonation is a concept you may be familiar with. You may not know this word, but to most of you, carbonation is evident almost every day; this is the process that creates bubbles in cola and mineral water. Flow meters play an instrumental role in this process. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is measured and controlled using […]
Perfecting carbonated beverages Are you trying to create a carbonated beverage? Maybe it tastes flat due to the CO2 processes? Utilizing a mass flow controller allows for precision manipulation of CO2 injection within the alcoholic beverage industry and soft drinks carbonation. The amount of carbon dioxide that is injected into carbonated beverages during the bottling […]
